Flatland is a country with a number of cities, some of which have space stations. Cities are numbered consecutively and each has a road of 1km length connecting it to the next city. It is not a circular route, so the first city doesn’t connect with the last city. Determine the maximum distance from any city to it’s nearest space station.

For example, there are n = 3 cities and m = 1 of them has a space station, city 1. They occur consecutively along a route. City 2 is 2 - 1 = 1 unit away and city 3 is 3 - 1 = 2 units away. City 1 is 0 units from its nearest space station as one is located there. The maximum distance is 2.

Lisa just got a new math workbook. A workbook contains exercise problems, grouped into chapters. Lisa believes a problem to be special if its index (within a chapter) is the same as the page number where it’s located. The format of Lisa’s book is as follows:

• There are n chapters in Lisa’s workbook, numbered from 1 to n.
• The i^th chapter has arr[i] problems, numbered from 1 to arr[i].
• Each page can hold up to k problems. Only a chapter’s last page of exercises may contain fewer than k problems.
• Each new chapter starts on a new page, so a page will never contain problems from more than one chapter.
• The page number indexing starts at 1.

Given the details for Lisa’s workbook, can you count its number of special problems?

For example, Lisa’s workbook contains arr[1] = 4 problems for chapter 1, and arr[2] = 2 problems for chapter 2. Each page can hold k = 3 problems. The first page will hold 3 problems for chapter 1. Problem 1 is on page 1, so it is special. Page 2 contains only Chapter 1, Problem 4, so no special problem is on page 2. Chapter 2 problems start on page 3 and there are 2 problems. Since there is no problem 3 on page 3, there is no special problem on that page either. There is 1 special problem in her workbook.

Note: See the diagram in the Explanation section for more details.

Calvin is driving his favorite vehicle on the 101 freeway. He notices that the check engine light of his vehicle is on, and he wants to service it immediately to avoid any risks. Luckily, a service lane runs parallel to the highway. The service lane varies in width along its length.

You will be given an array of widths at points along the road (indices), then a list of the indices of entry and exit points. Considering each entry and exit point pair, calculate the maximum size vehicle that can travel that segment of the service lane safely.

For example, there are n = 4 measurements yielding width = [2,3,2,1]. If our entry index, i = 1 and our exit, j = 2, there are two segment widths of 2 and 3 respectively. The widest vehicle that can fit through both is 2. If i = 2 and j = 4, our widths are [3,2,1] which limits vehicle width to 1.

Given the time in numerals we may convert it into words, as shown below:

5:00 -> five o’clock

At minutes = 0, use o’ clock. For 1 <= minutes <= 30, use past, and for 30 < minutes use to. Note the space between the apostrophe and clock in o' clock. Write a program which prints the time in words for the input given in the format described.

문제 설명

조이스틱으로 알파벳 이름을 완성하세요. 맨 처음엔 A로만 이루어져 있습니다.
ex) 완성해야 하는 이름이 세 글자면 AAA, 네 글자면 AAAA

조이스틱을 각 방향으로 움직이면 아래와 같습니다.

1
2
3
4

▲ - 다음 알파벳
▼ - 이전 알파벳 (A에서 아래쪽으로 이동하면 Z로)
◀ - 커서를 왼쪽으로 이동 (첫 번째 위치에서 왼쪽으로 이동하면 마지막 문자에 커서)
▶ - 커서를 오른쪽으로 이동

예를 들어 아래의 방법으로 “JAZ”를 만들 수 있습니다.

1
2
3
4

- 첫 번째 위치에서 조이스틱을 위로 9번 조작하여 J를 완성합니다.
- 조이스틱을 왼쪽으로 1번 조작하여 커서를 마지막 문자 위치로 이동시킵니다.
- 마지막 위치에서 조이스틱을 아래로 1번 조작하여 Z를 완성합니다.
따라서 11번 이동시켜 "JAZ"를 만들 수 있고, 이때가 최소 이동입니다.

만들고자 하는 이름 name이 매개변수로 주어질 때, 이름에 대해 조이스틱 조작 횟수의 최솟값을 return 하도록 solution 함수를 만드세요.

You wish to buy video games from the famous online video game store Mist.

Usually, all games are sold at the same price, p dollars. However, they are planning to have the seasonal Halloween Sale next month in which you can buy games at a cheaper price. Specifically, the first game you buy during the sale will be sold at p dollars, but every subsequent game you buy will be sold at exactly d dollars less than the cost of the previous one you bought. This will continue until the cost becomes less than or equal to m dollars, after which every game you buy will cost m dollars each.

For example, if p = 20, d = 3 and m = 6, then the following are the costs of the first 11 games you buy, in order:

20, 17, 14, 11, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6

You have s dollars in your Mist wallet. How many games can you buy during the Halloween Sale?

We define the distance between two array values as the number of indices between the two values. Given a, find the minimum distance between any pair of equal elements in the array. If no such value exists, print -1.

For example, if a = [3,2,1,2,3], there are two matching pairs of values: 3 and 2. The indices of the 3‘s are i = 0 and j = 4, so their distance is d[i,j] = |j - i| = 4. The indices of the 2‘s are i = 1 and j = 3, so their distance is d|i,j| = |j - i| = 2.

Given a sequence of integers a, a triplet (a[i],a[j],a[k]) is beautiful if:

• i < j < k
• a[j] - a[i] = a[k] - a[j] = d

Given an increasing sequenc of integers and the value of d, count the number of beautiful triplets in the sequence.

For example, the sequence arr = [2,2,3,4,5] and d = 1. There are three beautiful triplets, by index: [i,j,k]=[0,2,3], [1,2,3], [2,3,4]. To test the first triplet, arr[j] - arr[i] = 3 - 2 = 1 and arr[k] - arr[j] = 4 - 3 = 1.

David has several containers, each with a number of balls in it. He has just enough containers to sort each type of ball he has into its own container. David wants to sort the balls using his sort method.

As an example, David has n = 2 containers and 2 different types of balls, both of which are numbered from 0 to n - 1 = 1. The distribution of ball types per container are described by n x n an matrix of integers, M[container][type]. For example, consider the following diagram for M = [[1, 4], [2, 3]]:

A modified Kaprekar number is a positive whole number with a special property. If you square it, then split the number into two integers and sum those integers, you have the same value you started with.

Consider a positive whole number n with d digits. We square n to arrive at a number that is either 2 x d digits long or (2 x d) - 1 digits long. Split the string representation of the square into two parts, l and r. The right hand part, r must be d digits long. The left is the remaining substring. Convert those two substrings back to integers, add them and see if you get n.

For example, if n = 5, d = 1 then n² = 25. We split that into two strings and convert them back to integers 2 and 5. We test , so this is not a modified Kaprekar number. If n = 9, still d = 1, and n² = 81. This gives us 1 + 8 = 9, the original n.